PROJECT: SINGLIX Operating System   Issue: 1    Revision: 13    Date: 17/05/2009

OWNER: ERDOĞAN TAN / Istanbul / Turkiye

BOOT SECTOR PARAMETERS of  SINGLIX FS1, FS2  file systems

Offset

Item

DATA

Type

Size

Description of Item

0

Jmp to Offset 65

EB3Fh

Word

2 byte

“Jump to boot code” / OPCODE

2

Nop

90h

Byte

1 byte

Reserved (90h for this FS version)

3

FileSystem ID

‘FS’

Char

2 byte

SINGLIX ATA(PI) File System Identifier

5

Terminator

0

Byte

1 byte

Zero String Terminator

6

Bytes Per Sector

XXXXh

Word

2 byte

FS1 = 512 (ATA), FS2 = 2048 (ATAPI)

8

Media Attributes

XXh

Byte

1 byte

Media Attributes Byte

9

Partition ID

XXh

Byte

1 byte

SINGLIX, FS Hard Disk = A1h, FD = 0

10

FS Version Major

XXh

Byte

1 byte

File System Version – Major = 1

11

FS Version Minor

XXh

Byte

1 byte

File System Ver. – Minor/Revision = 0

12

Beginning Sector

XXXXXXXXh

Dword

4 byte

Volume Beginning (Boot) Sector (LBA)

16

Volume Size

XXXXXXXXh

Dword

4 byte

Volume/Partition Size in Sectors

20

Startup File Addr.

XXXXXXXXh

Dword

4 byte

OS Startup File/Code/Prog. Location

24

MAT Location

XXXXXXXXh

Dword

4 byte

Master Allocation Table Location

28

Root Dir Location

XXXXXXXXh

Dword

4 byte

Root Directory Descriptor Address

32

Registry File Addr.

XXXXXXXXh

Dword

4 byte

System Config. File Descriptor Location

36

Swap File Addr.

XXXXXXXXh

Dword

4 byte

Swap File/Space Descriptor Location

40

Undelete Dir Addr.

XXXXXXXXh

Dword

4 byte

Undelete/Restore Directory Location

44

Reserved (Drive)

XXh

Byte

1 byte

Reserved (for Drive Number)

45

Reserved (LBA yes)

01h

Byte

1 byte

Reserved (for LBA mode yes/no sign)

46

Magic Word (CHS)

01A1h

Word

2 byte

TR-SINGLIX Boot Code Sign (CHS params)

48

Operating System

16 chars

Char

16 byte

‘TR-SINGLIX v1.0b’  etc.

64

Terminator

0

Byte

1 byte

Zero String Terminator

65

Boot Code

445 bytes

Byte

445 byte

OS Boot (Startup File Loader) Code

510

BootSign

AA55h

Word

2 byte

Boot Sector Identifier

NOTE: Volume Beginning Sector is LBA address of Boot Sector. Startup File/Code Address, MAT Location, Root Dir. Descriptor Location, Registry File Location, Swap File Descriptor Location are offset addresses (from beginning of the fs/volume, boot sector); these are NOT absolute addresses.

Volume Beginning Sector (LBA) value is needed for passing it to operating system; because, operating system will use it to convert offset addresses to absolute/physical disk adresses. (It points boot sector’s itself. Bootstrap code can not know boot sector LBA address as default, because boot code runs after INT 19h loads Boot Sectors at the 0:7C00h memory adress. Rombios INT 19h code does not pass Boot Sector LBA address to bootstrap code as default. TR-SINGLIX disk format program will assign that 32 bit boot sector address for fixed/partitioned disks in LBA format. For removable/non-partitioned disks, it is ZERO as default.)

Master Allocation Table keep location and free sector counts of the Volume and the Disk Allocation Table. DAT pointers with 90h values show free sectors, others show allocated sectors but ZERO means invalid DAT. Some pointer values carry special meanings like File Description Table, Directory Description Table, Root Dir Descriptor, Master Alloc. Table, Disk Alloc. Table, Boot Sector, Bad Sector, Deleted Data Sector, Registry File, Swap File etc.) Do not forget: 1 byte DAT pointer shows 1 sector or 512 bytes data allocation.

Root Directory and sub directories do not include OS Startup File, that file (with maximum 512 K size) is a boot block file, which initializes Operating System. Also, root directory and sub directories do not include Registry (System Config.) File, that file is a boot block file which reserves OS configuration like GUI settings etc. Also, swap file (instead of a separate swap partition/volume) is for memory extension and will not appear in root or subdirectories. Shortly, we can say that: we can not make, delete boot (super) block files in directory tree. (File System formatting programs responsible for that.)

Remember that: in SINGLIX FS, directory and file data is just after their/its description table sector.

(For example: If the first FDT Address is 00006E00h, file data starts from sector 00006E01h.)

This FS project is for INTEL x86 CPU models, but compatible for other CPU models. (Media Attributes Byte, FS Version Word, OS BUILD Number Word can be used as CPU, Software Architecture Identifier.)

Media Attributes Byte:

Bit 0 => If Bit 0 is ‘0’, file system is read only. (CD-ROM etc.) WRITE flag

Bit 1 => If Bit 1 is ‘1’, file system is on removable/mountable/unmountable media. REMOVABLE flag

Bit 2 to Bit 7 => Reserved. Must be ‘0’ for This FS Version. (These BITs may be assigned in future.)

FS on ATAPI CD-ROM =  xxxxxx10b = 2h

FS on ATA Hard/Fixed Disk = xxxxxx01b = 1h

FS on USB Virtual/Flash Disk = xxxxxx11b = 3h